Indications directory

Basic evaluations:

ESR or CRP, full blood count, urine status- and sediment, serum GOT and GPT, gamma-GT, AP, urea, creatinine, PTT, INR (Quick’s value)

Additional tests for etiological evaluation:

Bacteriology:

Cultural evaluations: Blood cultures, urine, stool, secretions, liquor (on suspicion of abscesses, endocarditis, cholangitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and others)

Bacteria serology:

Borrelia, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia, legionella, listeriosis, cat scratch disease, rickettsiosis (Q-fever), brucellosis, leptospirosis, tularemia, typhus, ehrlichiosis (especially in leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia or transaminase-increase)

Virus serology:

Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A, B, C, cytomegaly, HIV (consent required), FSME

Parasitology, stool examinations:

Parasites, worm eggs, ameba, lamblia, babesia

Fungus, culture and serology:

Candida, Cryptococcus, histoplasma

Further cause:

Autoimmune disorders:

Please refer to the relevant individual sections

Allergy:

Allergic alveolitis

Vasculitides (see there):

Often diagnosed late!

Endocrinology:

Hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency

Neoplasia:

Leukemia, M. Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, liver cell carcinoma

Other cause:

Drug-induced fever (i. e. penicillin, phenytoin, allopurinol, anticonvulsants, sulfonamides and others), ACE (sarcoidosis), CO-intoxication, Whipple’s disease (see there), Fabry’s disease (see there), Malta fever (see there), hyper-IgD-syndrome (HIDS), TNF-receptor-associated periodic fever (TRAPS), Mucke-Wells-syndrome (MWS), CINCA-syndrome (very rare!) and others

Unresolved: approximately 20 - 30 %